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                     UNIT- XII          ADMINISTRATION OF                 MEDICATIONS LONG ESSAYS 1. A. What Are the Different Routes of Administration Of Medications B. Explain the Principles of Medication Administration ANS. A. DIFFERENT ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICATIONS Route of administration is defined as selecting a way to give medication or drug into  body. They are 4 different route of drug administration  I. Oral  II. Parenteral III. Topical  IV. Inhalation  ORAL ROUTE  1. Oral route: Medications are given by mouth. 2. Sublingual Administration: Some medications are readily absorbed when placed  under the tongue to dissolve. 3. Buccal Administration: Administration of a medication by placing in the mouth  against the mucous membranes of the cheek until it dissolves. PARENTERAL ROUTES Parenteral Routes: Parente...

 UNIT-V THE NURSING PROCESS SHORT ESSAYS 1. Explain ASSESMENT as first step of nursing process Ans. ASSESSMENT Definition Assessment is the systematic and continuous collection, organization, validation, and documentation of data (information). Types of assessment: The four different types of assessments are; 1. Initial nursing assessment 2. Problem-focused assessment 3. Emergency assessment 4. Time-lapsed reassessment 1. Initial nursing assessment: Performed within specified time after admission.To establish a complete database for problem identification. Eg: Nursing admission assessment 2. Problem-focused assessment: To determine the status of a specific problem identified in an earlier assessment. Eg: hourly checking of vital signs of fever patient 3. Emergency assessment: During emergency situation to identify any life threatening situation. Eg: Rapid assessment of an individual's airway, breathing status, and circulation during a cardiac arrest. 4. Time-lapsed reassessment: Se...

                         UNIT IV             COMMUNICATION AND       NURSE   PATIENT RELATIONSHIP    SHORT ANSWERS 1. Define communication? A) Communication is sending and receiving information between two or more  people. The person sending the message is referred to as the sender, while the  person receiving the information is called the receiver. The information  conveyed can include facts, ideas, concepts, opinions, beliefs, attitudes,  instructions and even emotions. 2. Enlist the levels of communication? A) 1. Intrapersonal  2. Interpersonal   3. Small Group Communication  4. Public Communication  5. Mass Communication  6. Intrapersonal Communication 3. List down the elements of communication? A) 1. Source 2. Message 3. Channel 4. Receiver 5. Feedback  6. Environment  7. Context  8. I...

 UNIT-III HOSPITAL ADMISSION AND DISCHARGE     HOSPITAL SHORT ANSWERS 1. Expand LAMA Ans. LAMA: Leave Against Medical Advice. The patient will leave the hospital against the Doctors advice even though after  explains patient health condition. Consent for LAMA I am leaving the hospital ward against medical advice. Doctor  explained me about my disease condition and ill effects of discharge against  medical advice. Doctors and Nursing staffs will not be responsible for any ill effects  happening after my departure”. 2. Define abscond Ans. ABSCOND: Abscond from Hospital Absconding refers to the departure of patients from hospital wards without  permission. The definition of absconding can vary depending on the length of time  required for an absence to be considered absconding, and on the method of  departure (e.g. leaving a locked ward, leaving the hospital grounds, or failing to  return from day leave). Absconding status is influence...