Bsc nursing 1st year Nursing foundation Unit-ii Nursing as a profession

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UNIT II

NURSING AS A PROFESSION

SHORT ESSAYS

1. Describe characteristics of nursing profession?

A) a. specialized education

b. body of knowledge

C. servicesD.autonomy

E. code of ethics

F. research orientation

G. service orientation

H. professional organization

a) Body of knowledge: as a profession, nursing is establishing a well - defined

body of knowledge and expertise. A number of nursing conceptual frameworks

contribute to the knowledge base of nursing and give direction to nursing practice,

education, and ongoing research.

b) Service orientation: -nursing as a tradition of service to others. These services,

however, must be guided by certain rules, policies, or code of ethics. Today,

nursing is also an important component of the health care delivery system.

c) Code of ethics: ethical code change as the needs and values of societyy

change. Nursing has developed its own code of ethics and is most instances has

set up means to monitor the professional behavior of its members.

d)Autonomy: - a profession is autonomous if it regulates itself and sets standards

for its members. Providing autonomy is one of the purposes for a professional

association.to the autonomous,

e) A professional group must be granted legal authority to define the scope of it

practice, describe it particular function and roles and determine its goals and

responsibilities in delivery of its services.

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2. Explain the functions of Nurse?

A) a. Care giver

i) as a care giver, the nurse helps the client to regain health through healing process.

ii) she preserves dignity of client.

Ili) nurse address the holistic health care needs of client.

v) she accepts client as person not merely as mechanical beings.

B. Clinical and ethical decision maker

i) nurse use critical thinking skill thought out the nursing process to provide effective

care

li) nurse make decision in collaboration with client & family.

li)'she also collaborate & be consult with other health professionals.

C. Protector

i) she provides safe and conductive environment to the clients

li) she takes step to prevent injury for client.

lii) she asks about any allergy to medicine or food.

Iv) she provides immunization against diseases

D. Manager

i) as a manager, nurse co- ordinates the activities of other members of health care

team.

li) she manages the nursing care of not only one client but also of families and in

communities.

lii) she delegates the nursing activities to auxiliary worker & worker & another nurse.

E. Communicator - i) she covey information verbally as well as through

documentation.

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li) nurse communicates verbally at change of shift.

lii) she reports while shifting the client from one unit to another.

F. Comforter

i) as a comforter, nurse provide comfort to the client by considering him as an individual

with unique feelings and needs.

li) she motivates clients to reach therapeutics goals.

lii) she promotes comfort to client by staying near the patient.

G. Leader

i) nursing leadership is defined as mutual process of interpersonal influence through

which nurse helps the client in making decisions for establishing and for achieving the

goals.

J. Teacher

i) she determines that the clients fully understood.

li) she also evaluates clienť's progress in learning.

lii) she gives health education on diet, about preventive measure of diseases.

3. Describe qualities of Nurse?

A) Nurse should have following qualities:

i)

Self confidents: A professional nurse have elf confidence. Because of this,

she is able to take decision and provides holistic care.

i)

Humble and Honest: with these qualities, nurse develops rapport and gains

trust of the client.

ii)

Loyal: Nurse accept the as he is. she recognizes the client as a person and

understands empathically his feelings.

iv)

Co-operative: As an individual, nurse plays many role in hospital. She works

cooperatively with health team members as well as with family member.

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Good Listener This is the best quality of nurse, by which she understands

)

clients view. By active listening, she identifies client's needs provides care accordingly.

vi

Keen observer while dealing with client a nurse, by which she understands

client's as nonverbal commands / behavior.

vii)

Good administration - Because of this quality a professional / registered

nurse executes and evaluates the junior nursing staff.

vii)

Good supervisor-A professional nurse work works as supervisor to the junior

nursing staff as well other employees while performing their duties.

ix)

Impartial - professional nurse treats each client without any prejudice /

personal interest. She provides care fairly to every client.

Capable- A nurse is competent enough and has a capability to give care

effectively

xi)

Advocate - A nurse supports and speaks in favour of client and provide

information to client / family for making informed decision.

4. Justify Nursing as Profession?

A. professions are those occupation based on specialized intellectual study and

training the purpose of which is supply skilled service with ethical components

to others, for definite fee or salary.

B. Professional is a type of occupation that is meets certain criteria that raise it to

a level above that of an occupational

C. Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization, of health and abilities,

prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis

treatment of human response and advocacy in Carew of individuals, families,

communities, and populations.

a. The services provided are vital to humanity and the welfare of society.

b. There is a special body of knowledge that is continually enlarged through

research.

C. The services involve intelilectual activities; individuals responsibity is a

trong feature.

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d. Practitioners are relatively independent and control their own policies

and activities.

e. Practitioners are motivated by service and consider their work an

important component of their lives

f. There is a code of ethics to guide the decision and conduct of

practitioners.

g. There is an organization that encourages and supports high standards

of practice.

5.Enumerate ethical principles of Nursing?

A) Autonomy - It refers to right to make one's own decision. Respect for autonomy

means that nurse recognize the individual's uniqueness, the right to be what that

person is and the right choose personal goals people may have "inward autonomy" if

they have the ability to make choice s as well as may have "outward autonomy" if their

choices are not limited or imposed by others. Nurses should follow the principle of

autonomy and respect a client's right to make decision even when those choices seem

not to be client's best interest.

Justice The principle of fairness is the basis for the obligation to treat all clients

equally and fairly. Justice is the foundation for decisions about resources allocation

throughout the society or a group. Health care system provides care on the basis of

Jer nder.

medical need rather than ability to pay, social status, race

Non maleficence- non-maleficence Is the avoIdance of harm or hurt. So, t is an

obligation to nerve deliberately harm another. The nurse tries to balance the risk and

benefits of plan of care. In health care ethics, it is important to remember that ethical

practice involves not only they will do good but also equal commitment not to do harm.

Beneficence - It means promoting good or doing good. In others words, refers to

taking positive actions to help others. SO, practice of beneficence encourages the urge

to do good for other, For example, a child's immunization may cause discomfort during

administration, but the benefit of protection from diseases both for the individual and

for the society, outweigh the temporary discomfort.

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Fidelity- t means to keep promise. Nurse have an obligation to follow through with

nursing care She should avoid abandonment of clients, even when clients goal differs

from health care provide goals. For example, pain management plan.

6.Classify and explain importance of values in Nursing?

A) TYPES OF VALUES

We can speak of universal values, because ever since human being have lived in

community, they have had to establish principles to guide their behavior towards

others. In this sense, honesty, responsibility, truth, solidarity, cooperation, tolerance,

respect, and peace, among others are considered universal values. However, in order

to understand them better it is useful to classify values acc. To the following criteria :

Personal values: these considered essential principles on which we build our

life and guide us to relate with other people. They are usually a blend of family values

and social cultural values, together with our own individual ones. To our experiences.

Family values: these are valued in a family and are considered either good or

bad. these derive from fundamental beliefs of the parents who, use them to educate

their children. They are the basic principles and guidelines of our initial behavior in

society, and are conveyed through our behavior in the family, from the simplest to the

most complex.

lii. Social cultural values: these are the prevailing values of our society, which

change with time, and either coincide or not with our family or personal values. They

constitute a complex mix of different values, and at times they contradiction another,

or pose a dilemma. For example, if work is not valued socially as a means of personal

fulfillment, then the society is directly fostering

anti values' like dishonesty,

irresponsibility, or crime.

v.

Material values: these values allow us to survive, and are related to our basic

needs as human beings, such as food and clothing and protection from the

environment. They are web that is created between personal, family, and social

cultural values.

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.

Spiritual values: they refer to importance we give to non -material aspects in

Our lives. They are part of our human needs and allow us to feel fulfilled. They add

meaning and foundation to our life, as do religious beliefs.

Vi.

Morals values: the attitudes and behaviors that a sOciety considers essential

for coexisteence, order, and general well.

values in professional nursing:

Professional values are the guiding beliefs and principles that infiluence your work

behavior. Your professional: values are usually an extension of your personal values

such honesty, generosity, and helpfulness.

Nurse professional values are acquired during socialization in nursing from codes of

ethics, nursing experiences teacher s and peers.

the American association of college of nursing ( acne, 1998) identified five values

essential for nursing:

altruism

autonomyy

)

li)

human dignity

integrity

Iv)

sOcial justice

V)

7.Describe Professional conduct of a nurse?

A) CODE OF PROFESsIONAI CONDUCT FOR NURSES-

PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY AN ACCOUNTABILITY

Carries out responsibility within professional boundaries.

a.

Practices healthful behavior.

0.

Is responsible for own decision and actions

Is responsible for continuous improvement of current practiceS.

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ii) NURSING PRACTICE

Provides care in accordance with set standards of practice

a.

Respect's individual and families need to promote healthy practices and

.

discouraging harmful practices.

Promotes participation of individuals and significant others in the care.

C.

ii) COMMUNICATION AND INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP

Establishes and maintains effective interpersonal relationship with individual,

families, and communities.

Co -operates with other health professionals to meet the needs of the

.

individual, families, and communities.

iv) VALUING HUMAN BEING

Takes appropriates action to protect individuals from harmful unethical practice.

Encourage and supports individual in their right to speak for themselves on

.

issues affecting their health and welfare.

Respect and support choices made by individuals.

C.

v) MANAGEMENT-

a. participates appropriates allocation and utilization of available resources.

b. participates in evaluation of nursing services.

8.Discuss on scope of Nursing?

A) Staff nurse: It provides direct patient care to one patient or a group of patients.

Assist ward management and supervision.

)

Ward sister or nursing supervisor she is responsible to the nursing

superintendent for the nursing care management of ward or unit. Take full charge of

ward.

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In) Department supervisor lassistant nursing superindent: she is responsible

to the nursing superindent and deputy nursing superindent for the nursing care and

management.

IV) Deputy nursing superindent: she is responsible to the nursing superintendent

and assists in the nursing administration of the hospital.

V)

Nursing superintendent: she is responsible to medical superintdent for safe

and efficient management of hospital nursing services.

VI)

Director: she is responsible for both nursing service and nursing education

within a nursing teaching hospital

VIl) Community health nurse (CHN): services rendered mainly focusing

reproductive child health programme.

9.Discuss categories of Nursing Personnel in hospital?

A) Types of nursing in hospital

Registered Nurse (RN)

Education requirement: associates degree or Bachelor of Science degree

A.

B.

Expected job growth: 15% increases

Employment locations: Hospitals, residential care facilities, etc.

u.

Relevant certificate: State Nursing License

D.

Salary range: $60,000 - $75,900

E.

Registered nurse (RN) provides and coordinate patient care, educate patients and the

public about various health conditions, and provide advice and emotional support to

the patients and their family members. Most registered nurses work team with

physician and other health care specialists in various setting.

Cardiac nurse-

n)

A.

Education requirement: associates degree or BSc, registered nursing license

(RN)

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B.

Expected job growth: 16% increase

C.

Employment locations: hospitals, in home care and rehab centers

Salary range: $67, 490 medsian annually

D.

One of the leading causes of death in the United States today is heart diseases. The

demand for cardiac nurses continues to grow with the rising number affected with heart

problems.

lii) Certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA)-

Education requirement: master's degree (MSN) , registered nurse license (RN)

A.

and one year in acute care setting.

Salary-$153,780

B.

A certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA) is highly trained nurse that specializes

in assisting with anesthesia during surgeries. CRNA's make up some of the highest

- paid nurse specialties in the medical field due to high demand of these nurses in

surgical seting.

Clinical nurse specialist (CNS)-

v)

Education requirement: masters degree and sometime a doctoral degree.

A.

Expected job growth: 15% (much faster than average)

B.

Relevant certification: N/A

.

Salary range: $ 85,723

D.

Clinical nurse specialty are type of advanced practice registered nurse (APRN), who

provide direct patients care by working with other nurses and staff to improve the

quality care of patient receives.

10.Discuss on contribution of Florence Nightingale in Modern Nursing?

A) Florence's nightingale. The era of modern nursing commences with the work of

Florence Nightingale in the Crimean war (1854-1856.) She was born on May 12, 1820.

She was the second daughter of wealthy English parents. She felt that God had called

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her to fulfil 'mission of Mercy". She thought of nursingor education work. She observed

the life of poor and tried to relieve the sick.

Nursing contributions-

A.

Appointed resident lady superintendent of an establishment for Gentle women

During illness

In 1854 assembled party of 38 nurses to serve in Crimean war

B.

C.

Founded the Nightingale school and home for nurses at saint Thomas hospital

in London.

D.

Wrote Notes on nursing, the first textbook for nurse.